Rain meant just 89 overs were possible on the first two days of the match after West Indies had opted to bat, but the visitors accelerated the scoring on day three.
Brathwaite knocked up 182 in the record opening stand with Chanderpaul, who was unbeaten on 207 in the middle session of day three. West Indies were 447-6 after 143 overs.
The partnership was broken when Brathwaite was out LBW attempting a sweep against Zimbabwe left-arm spinner Wellington Masakadza. It was his 12th test century.
It beats the previous record of 298 set by Gordon Greenidge and Desmond Haynes against England at St John’s in 1990.
Tagenarine, 26, is the son of stalwart former West Indies batsman Shivnarine Chanderpaul and now has a maiden test century in his third match.
