Kipruto ran flat out through the final 50 metres to hold off a late fight from Alexander Mutiso, breaking the tape by a fraction of a second in a photo finish, with the 2021 winner Albert Korir finishing third (2:08:57).
"It was amazing. The last part was so hard," Kipruto said in a televised interview. "I was pushing so hard to make sure I win."
It was the fourth major title for Kipruto, who was in a two-man race with Mutiso at the 25-mile mark and appeared to be completely in control with 200 metres left.
He was forced to accelerate through the final straight, however, as Mutiso launched a gutsy late attack to wild cheers in Central Park.
Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge, the only man to break the two-hour barrier in the marathon, finished 17th in 2:14:36, in what many have speculated could be the twice Olympic champion's final competitive marathon.
The Paris bronze medallist Obiri, who won in 2023, was running shoulder to shoulder with runner-up Sharon Lokedi (2:20:07) before pulling away ahead of the final turn to break Margaret Okayo's 22-year-old course record of 2:22:31.
Last year's winner Sheila Chepkirui (2:20:24) was third.
"We had a very strong field," said Obiri, who pocketed an extra $50,000 for breaking Margaret Okayo's 22-year-old course record of 2:22:31. "(I told myself) let me try to do my best, let me push."
In the wheelchair division, Switzerland's Marcel Hug won a record-extending seventh title in the men's race in 1:30:16, while American Susannah Scaroni won the women's race in 1:42:10.
The five-borough classic capped the World Marathon Majors calendar for the year, after a doping suspension for the women's world-record holder rocked competitive distance-running.
Kenyan Ruth Chepngetich was banned for three years late last month after admitting to anti-doping rule violations.
