Kishan, who was playing in the dead rubber only because India skipper Rohit Sharma had been sidelined through injury, raced to a double century in 126 balls to become only the seventh batsman to score 200 in ODIs.
Rohit has three 200-plus knocks in ODIs and holds the record of 264. Kishan eventually fell for 210 after blasting past his first century in this format.
Kishan's 131-ball blitz included 10 sixes and 24 fours, and completely overshadowed Virat Kohli's 113 off 91 balls.
The duo put on a massive 290 runs to power India to their fourth-highest ODI total of 409-8.
"When I got out, 15 overs were left. I could've scored 300 also," the left-handed batsman said at the innings break.
"The wicket was too good to bat on. My intent was very clear - if the ball is there (to be hit), I'll go for it."
He also thanked Kohli for guiding him throughout the knock.
"He was spot on with which bowlers I needed to target. He was calming me down when I was in my 90s.
"I wanted to bring it up with a six, but he said to get it in singles as it's my first."
Bangladesh, who went into the match with an unassailable 2-0 lead, were all out for 182 in 34 overs in reply, succumbing to their heaviest ever ODI defeat by runs.
The sides will play two tests later this month.
