Germany, as hosts, are exempt from the qualifying process but the rest of Europe's heavyweights begin the process this week.
AFP Sport picks out some of the storylines to follow.
Italy are back
Italy were the highest-profile nation to miss out on the World Cup in Qatar. They now begin their defence of the European Championship trophy with a mouthwatering showdown against England in a repeat of the Euro 2020 final which the Azzurri won on penalties at Wembley.
Roberto Mancini (58) remains in charge despite the failed World Cup qualifying campaign, but there are some new faces in his squad.
One man to look out for will be Mateo Retegui (23), an Argentina-born forward who was the top scorer in the Argentinian league with Tigre last year.
"Years ago they used to say that to play for the national team you needed to be born in Italy. But the world has changed and all national teams have players who are naturalised or come from other nations," Mancini said.
Italy will be expected to advance from qualifying Group C along with England given the top two teams in each section go through. However, Ukraine may cause those sides some problems - they play England away on Sunday.
Mbappe takes the armband
France coach Didier Deschamps (54) needed a new captain after long-serving skipper Hugo Lloris (36) retired following the World Cup.
He has opted to give the armband to Kylian Mbappe (24), deciding that the superstar Paris Saint-Germain forward is ready for the role despite his age.
"Kylian ticked all the boxes to have that extra responsibility," said Deschamps of the player who scored that breathtaking hat-trick in the World Cup final.
With centre-back Raphael Varane (29) also standing down, there is a new look to France as they prepare to begin qualifying at home to the Netherlands on Friday before a trip to the Republic of Ireland.
Mike Maignan (27) of AC Milan will be the new first-choice goalkeeper, while Nice midfielder Khephren Thuram (21) received a first call-up - the son of Lilian Thuram (51) joins his elder brother Marcus (25) in the squad.
A new era for Spain
Spain responded to their disappointing World Cup showing by sacking coach Luis Enrique (52), with Luis De La Fuente (61) named as his replacement.
De La Fuente had previously coached Spain's youth teams since 2013, most recently the Under-23 side.
De La Fuente has overseen sweeping changes to the squad, including the notable decision to recall Kepa Arrizabalaga (28), the Chelsea goalkeeper.
With Sergio Busquets (34) retiring and his Barcelona colleague Jordi Alba (34) not featuring, there are now no survivors from the team that won Euro 2012.
Spain are in qualifying Group A where they kick off at home in Malaga against a Norway side missing the injured Erling Haaland (22) and then face Scotland in Glasgow next Tuesday.
Ronaldo still there for Portugal
Those who thought Cristiano Ronaldo's (38) move to Saudi Arabia following the World Cup signalled the end of his international carer were surprised as he was named in new Portugal coach Roberto Martinez's (49) first squad.
"I do not look at the age," said Martinez when asked about his decision to include the former Real Madrid and Manchester United man.
Ronaldo holds the world record for men's international goals with 118. He holds the European men's record of 196 caps, a tally that also equals the world landmark with Kuwait's Bader Al-Mutawa.
Ronaldo will expect to claim that record outright and add to his goal tally when Portugal face Liechtenstein and Luxembourg.
The 2016 European champions also play Iceland, Slovakia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in Group J.
New faces on the touchline
Spain and Portugal are far from the only European nations going into qualifying with a new coach.
Ronald Koeman (60) has returned as coach of the Netherlands after Louis van Gaal (71) departed following the World Cup.
After eight years in charge of Portugal, Fernando Santos (68) is the new man in charge of Poland.
Italy-born German Domenico Tedesco (37) has replaced Martinez as coach of Belgium.
Michael O'Neill (53) has returned for a second spell as coach of Northern Ireland. He took them to the last 16 of Euro 2016.