Vingegaard, who won his second Tour in a row last July, is expected to be in the French capital on Wednesday when organisers reveal the route for the 2024 Tour.
It was the first time on Tuesday that the Velo d'Or, an award first attributed in 1992, was being handed at a formal ceremony.
Dutch Demi Vollering, who won the Tour de France Femmes, won the women's Velo d'Or.
Vingegaard's Jumbo-Visma teammate Christophe Laporte was, however, present, to receive the Bernard Hinault trophy for the best French rider of the season after winning the European champion title.
Dutch Mathieu van der Poel, who won the world title and Paris-Roubaix, the 'Queen of the classics' was handed the Eddy Merckx for the best one-day race rider.
Belgian Lotte Kopecky received the women's Eddy Merckx award after notably winning the Tour of Flanders and the world champion titles.
All trophies are awarded by a panel of journalists.
