Duplantis bettered his previous mark of 6.23 metres set at the Eugene Diamond League finale in September, clearing the bar with ease before leaping up off the sponge mat below and racing off in celebration at his first outdoor event of the year.
It was the eighth time that Duplantis broke the world record, and he was the only man to clear six metres at the Egret Stadium, and he believes he could go higher.
"It's definitely possible, conditions willing. I'm going to try to maximise the most out of every day," Duplantis said.
"There's definitely more to give. I don't think the jumping was really perfect today even leading up to the 6.24. The 6.24 felt really nice.
"I think there's still some way to go and still more to push and some higher heights in me for sure."
The Olympic and two-time world outdoor champion had added a second world indoor title to his impressive resume in March, and he is set to head into his second Games in July and August as the firm favourite.
Australian Torrie Lewis enjoyed a stunning Diamond League debut as the 19-year-old pipped a strong field of American rivals that included Sha'Carri Richardson to claim the women's 200m gold with an effort of 22.96 from lane nine.
Richardson, winner of the 200m bronze at last year's world championships, finished second in 22.99 ahead of her compatriots Tamara Clark, Anavia Battle and Twanisha Terry.
World champion Marileidy Paulino earlier captured the first track gold of the Diamond League season in the women's 400m, as the Dominican eased home in 50.08 seconds, ahead of Natalia Kaczmarek (50.29) and Britton Wilson (51.26).
Olympic champion Jasmine Camacho-Quinn then set the pace in the women's 100m hurdles, with the Puerto Rican cruising to victory in 12.45 seconds.
