Ricciardo retired with substantial damage from the incident that happened during a safety car restart as cars suddenly bunched up into the hairpin.
Stroll was given a 10-second penalty by Formula One stewards for causing a collision, a punishment he felt was undeserved.
"It's so frustrating. Obviously, racing incidents happen but behind a safety car, that should never happen," Ricciardo told reporters.
"What makes my blood boil is I've watched his onboard (video) to just see it from his perspective, to try to maybe just have some type of understanding.
"And as soon as we start braking, you can see his helmet turn right. He’s looking at the apex of Turn 14, he’s not even watching me."
Stroll finished 15th and said he had just been in the wrong place at the wrong time.
"Someone braked at the front of the pack, I don’t know who, and then everyone stopped. The car in front of me just stopped from like 60kph to zero, and then boom, so it was really stupid. It’s one of those," he told reporters.
"I got a penalty because of the end result that I hit Ricciardo but it's not like everything was normal and I just ploughed into the back of him.
"It was a really odd concertina effect that I would have liked to see the stewards take into consideration maybe a little bit more."
Ricciardo, who has yet to score in five races and has now retired in his last two, had hoped to seize some momentum in China after out-qualifying team mate Yuki Tsunoda (23).
The Australian, who started the season as a candidate to return to the main Red Bull team alongside triple champion Max Verstappen (26), is under some pressure after Tsunoda scored in Australia and Japan.
To add to Ricciardo's unhappiness, stewards gave him two penalty points and a three-place grid drop for the next race in Miami after he overtook Nico Hulkenberg's Haas under safety car conditions.
