Only a single yellow card had been shown in nine previous World Cup finals but the crackdown on foul play in the game led to four being handed out over 80 minutes of intense rugby played out in front of a crowd of 80,065 at the Stade de France.

All Blacks skipper Sam Cane suffered the ignominy of being the first player to be sent off in a title decider when his card for a high tackle was upgraded to a red after a bunker review just before halftime.

Despite playing for three-quarters of the match a man short, however, the All Blacks stuck to their ball-running game plan and scored the game's only try through Beauden Barrett to get within a point of the lead just before the hour mark.

The Springboks, though, muscled up in defence and held firm under huge pressure over the final quarter and Handre Pollard's four first-half penalties proved sufficient to add another title to those of 1995, 2007 and 2019.

South Africa kept the trophy in southern hemisphere hands for the fifth straight tournament and Siya Kolisi became only the second captain after All Black Richie McCaw to lift the trophy twice.

"There are no ways I can explain it. The All Blacks took us to the end, they took us to a dark place," Kolisi said.

"Credit to my boys too for the fight. I am just grateful we could pull it off."

All Blacks flanker Shannon Frizell was the first to be shown a yellow card as early as the third minute for a clearout on Bongi Mbonambi that forced the Springboks hooker off the rain-sodden pitch with a leg injury.

Fly-half Pollard kicked the penalty and added another in the 12th minute as New Zealand waited nervously to hear whether Frizell's yellow would be upgraded to a red.

SLOTTED OVER

Frizell did come back on and helped New Zealand win a penalty that Richie Mo'unga slotted over to cut the deficit but Pollard replied with a 46-metre effort to give South Africa a 9-6 lead at the end of the opening quarter.

New Zealand were down to 14 men again just before the half-hour mark when Cane clattered head-first into Springboks centre Jesse Kriel but this time there was no reprieve and the All Blacks skipper sat out the rest of the game.

Pollard kicked his fourth penalty after the red card was confirmed and even though Mo'unga replied with another three-pointer before the break, the Springboks went into halftime a man up and with a 12-6 lead.

No team had ever recovered from a half-time deficit to win a World Cup final and the Springboks came out flying in the second half looking to drive home their advantage.

Kolisi was sent to the sin bin in the 46th minute for a high tackle on Ardie Savea, however, and New Zealand scrum-half Aaron Smith thought he had scored the first try of the match eight minutes later after a brilliant break from Mo'unga.

That score was called back for a knock-on earlier in the move but Beauden Barrett was awarded a try four minutes later despite winger Mark Telea looking to have fumbled the ball forward in the tackle before the full-back touched down.

It was the first try South Africa had conceded in four World Cup finals but Mo'unga missed the conversion from wide-out and the Springboks held onto a one-point lead at 12-11.

Kolisi had by now returned to the fray and South Africa brought their famed 'bomb squad' off the bench to relieve fatigued forwards.

South Africa winger Cheslin Kolbe was the fourth player to be yellow-carded seven minutes from time but New Zealand's Jordie Barrett struck the subsequent 48-metre penalty attempt wide of the posts.

New Zealand had also been hoping to win a fourth title and Cane said that they came within a whisker of doing so.

"Extremely gutted and disappointed," he said.

"I thought the courage they showed out here tonight was incredible, the whole team are absolute warriors. It's tough."